What is a transducer used for in ultrasonic welding?

A transducer is a key component in ultrasonic welding systems that is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations. In ultrasonic welding, the transducer is attached to the horn and generates high-frequency vibrations that are used to create a weld between two materials. The frequency of the vibrations is typically in the range of 15 kHz to 40 kHz, and the amplitude can be controlled to provide the necessary amount of energy for welding. Transducers can be made from various materials such as piezoelectric ceramics, magnetostrictive materials, or electrostrictive materials, depending on the specific requirements of the welding application.